One of the world’s oldest and most deadly contagious diseases, tuberculosis has plagued humanity for thousands of years. Despite significant progress in prevention and treatment, TB remains a major global health concern. The bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, responsible for causing TB, does not always lead to infection or disease. The intriguing influence of genetics on an individual’s susceptibility to TB is explored in this captivating blog, delving into the
fascinating field of genetics and its impact on vulnerability to tuberculosis.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099%2817%2930623-0/fulltext
The TB Obstacle When an infected individual coughs or sneezes, infectious aerosol particles are released into the air, which is how most TB cases are spread. However, infection is not always certain even after exposure to the TB bacterium. Even after repeated exposure, some people maintain their resistance, and others are more susceptible to infection. This variation inspired researchers to look into the function of genetics.
TB and the Human Genome
Our DNA contains our genetic code, which serves as the blueprint for our physical makeup. In fact, our immune system’s reaction to TB can be influenced by specific genetic variants. Some important genetic elements impacting TB susceptibility are listed below:
● Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) genes: Code for proteins that assist the immune system in pathogen recognition. The body’s capacity to fight TB can be affected by variations in the HLA genes.
● Genes for cytokines: Cytokines are signalling molecules that control how the immune system reacts. The severity of TB infection can be influenced by genetic variations in cytokine genes.
● Genes related to autophagy: Autophagy is a biological process that aids in eliminating intracellular infections. Genes associated with autophagy and those related to TB susceptibility can vary genetically.
https://www.genengnews.com/news/tuberculosis-susceptibility-could-be-in-your-genes/ Research and Treatment Implications for tuberculosis
● Personalized Medicine: Genetic information about TB susceptibility can open the door to individualized treatment methods. The effectiveness of therapy might be improved by customizing care based on a patient’s genetic profile.
● Development of Vaccines: Understanding the genetic influences on TB susceptibility helps guide the creation of vaccines. It may be more effective to create vaccines that specifically target genetic weaknesses.
● Early Detection: Genetic indicators linked to TB susceptibility may help in early detection and risk assessment, enabling preventative measures.
Takeaway Message
A fascinating field of study that has significant implications for TB prevention and treatment is the study of the genetic link between TB and susceptibility. Genetics only accounts for a small portion of the puzzle, but it explains why some people are more susceptible to TB than others. We are getting closer to a time when TB can be properly controlled, if not eliminated, thanks to the wisdom encoded in our genes as science continues to decipher the genetic code’s complexity.
References:
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2019/9273056/
https://theconversation.com/how-mapping-ancestral-genes-could-help-the-fight-against-tb-43380